Sorghum is transformable, but only a few lines, such as RTx430 and P898012, have adequate transformation efficiency (Gurel et al. Sorghum lines from the tropical origin are photoperiod-sensitive and need short days to flower. In greenhouse, it is easy to grow three generations in a year. With help of winter nursery, two crops can be grown in a year. As an annual crop, most sorghum varieties in the temperate region are photoperiod-insensitive and can complete life cycle in about 4 months. It is also an increasingly important crop for animal feed, forage, and bioenergy feedstock for production of biofuel and bioproducts. It is the fifth-most important cereal crop globally, serving as a staple food for over 500 million people in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Moench) is a stress-resilient crop with highly productive NADP-ME type C 4 photosynthesis and highly efficient nitrogen and water utilization (Wang et al. Used in tandem, these valuable resources will ensure that the rate, quality, and collaborative potential of ongoing sorghum improvement efforts is able to rival that of other major crops. These resources include vast collections of sorghum germplasm, high-quality reference genome sequences, sorghum association panels for genome-wide association studies of traits involved in food and bioenergy production, mutant populations for rapid discovery of causative genes for phenotypes relevant to sorghum improvement, gene expression atlas, and online databases that integrate all resources and provide the sorghum community with tools that can be used in breeding and genomic studies. Due to this increasing demand for sorghum and its potential to address these needs, the continuous development of powerful community resources is required. In addition, sorghum has begun to be developed into a promising feedstock for forage and bioenergy production. Sorghum has already remained as a staple food crop in many parts of Africa and Asia and is critically important for animal feed and niche culinary applications in other regions, such as the United States.
To that end, sorghum will be an invaluable crop species as it is a stress-resistant C 4 plant that is well adapted for semi-arid and arid regions. As the world faces the challenges of a rising population and a changing global climate, new agricultural solutions will need to be developed to address the food and fiber needs of the future.
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